I-Polyurethane iyinto ekhulayo ye-polymer ephilayo, eyaziwa ngokuthi "I-Fifth Plastic", futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni eminingi yomnotho wezwe ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu.Njengamanje, iShayina ingumkhiqizi omkhulu we-polyurethane emhlabeni, ibalwa cishe ngama-45% okukhiqizwa kwe-polyurethane emhlabeni jikelele.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane, futhi i-polyurethane elastomer ingenye yazo.I-polyurethane elastomer iwuchungechunge lwezinto ze-elastomer eziqukethe amaqembu e-carbamate engeziwe ochungechungeni oluyinhloko lwe-polymer, futhi iwumsebenzi we-polymer ongalulama kahle ngemva kokususwa kwamandla angaphandle asetshenziswe kuyo.
Ama-polyurethane elastomers angahlukaniswa abe ama-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU), ama-cast polyurethane elastomers (CPU) kanye nokuxuba ama-polyurethane elastomers (MPU) ngokwezinqubo ezahlukene, phakathi kwazo i-TPU enkulu kunazo zonke.Imboni ye-TPU iyigatsha lemboni ye-polyurethane, etholakala ezansi nochungechunge lwezimboni zamakhemikhali, eduze nemakethe yabathengi.
01 Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-polyurethane elastomers
I-TPU iwumkhiqizo we-polyurethane elastomer.Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana ne-polyols, i-MDI, i-BDO, i-adipic acid, ne-ethylene glycol edingekayo ekukhiqizeni kwayo zonke izinto eziphuma ku-petroleum noma imikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo, futhi ziyimikhiqizo engaphansi komfula wamakhemikhali e-petroleum.I-TPU igatsha lezinto zokwakha ze-thermoplastic elastomer.Kuyi-polymer material eyenziwe nge-polymerized kusuka ezintweni ezintathu zokusetshenziswa eziyisisekelo: i-disocyanate, i-macromolecular polyol, kanye ne-chain extender (i-low molecular diol).
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zepulasitiki nezenjoloba ezihlosiwe, i-TPU inobunzima obubanzi, izakhiwo ezivelele zemishini, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu/eliphansi, ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, ukusebenza kahle kwezemvelo, ukwakheka kwepulasitiki okuqinile, ukuklama okuqinile, nokungafihli lutho okuhle kakhulu.Ayigcini nje ngokuba nokunwebeka okuphezulu kwezinto zenjoloba, kodwa futhi inamandla aphezulu epulasitiki yobunjiniyela.
02 TPU izici ezibonakalayo
I-TPU yasungulwa ngempumelelo yi-Bayer ngo-1958, futhi izinkampani ezinkulu zamakhemikhali eYurophu nase-United States zayithuthukisa ngokulandelana zayibeka ekukhiqizweni.Ngawo-1970, iJapan yethula imishini yokukhiqiza ye-TPU yaseJalimane futhi yethula ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-TPU eTaiwan.I-Mainland China iye yachayeka kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-TPU kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, kodwa ayizange izuze impumelelo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kanye nobuchwepheshe.Ngemuva kweminyaka yawo-1990, ngenxa yokukhula kwesidingo semakethe yezinto zokwakha ze-TPU, ngemuva kokuthi amabhizinisi axhaswe ngezimali aseYurophu, eMelika naseTaiwan engene ezweni, amanye amabhizinisi asezwenikazini aqala ukukhiqiza nokudayisa i-TPU.
03 Umlando wokuthuthuka wemboni ye-TPU yomhlaba wonke neyaseShayina
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu komkhiqizo, isidingo semakethe se-TPU emikhakheni eminingi yezomnotho kazwelonke njengempahla yansuku zonke yabathengi, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, impilo yezokwelapha, imboni yezokuvikela kazwelonke kanye nezempi ikhule kakhulu.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-TPU omusha wezwe lami ukhishwe ngokulandelana, futhi izinga lokusebenza kwe-TPU liye lenyuka kancane kancane ngo-2018 no-2019. Kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2019, izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe lokukhiqizwa kwe-TPU yasekhaya liphezulu njengo-15.46% .Ngo-2019, izinga lomkhakha we-TPU wezwe lami laqhubeka nokukhula, ngomphumela ongaba amathani angama-512,900.izwe lami kancane kancane liye ladlula i-Europe ne-United States ukuze libe umkhiqizi nomthengi omkhulu we-TPU emhlabeni wonke, futhi ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile konyaka kuye kwagcina ukukhula okusheshayo okungaba ngu-10%.
04 Ishadi Lethrendi Lokukhiqiza kwe-TPU e-China kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2019
Ethintwe isigameko se-Xiangshui ngo-2019, uhulumeni washeshisa ukulungiswa kwamapaki amakhemikhali.Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuguquguquka kwentengo ye-isocyanate yempahla eluhlaza kwenyusa izindleko zokukhiqiza kwezinye izimboni ezincane.Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi abasunguliwe, okubandakanya i-Huafon, i-BASF, ne-Meirui, bayaqhubeka nokwandisa imigqa yabo futhi bakhulise ukukhiqizwa, futhi basheshise umsebenzi wabo emakethe.Ukugxila embonini kuyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka.Phakathi kwabahlinzeki be-TPU basekhaya, i-Huafon Group kanye ne-Yantai Wanhua bakwizikhundla eziphezulu ekukhiqizeni.
05 Ukusatshalaliswa kwephethini yokukhiqiza ye-TPU yaseChina ngo-2019
Yize izinga lokukhiqiza lezwe lami le-TPU liphezulu, alinazo izinzuzo emikhakheni ehlukene.Ikakhulukazi emakethe ephakathi kuya kwephezulu, izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-BASF ne-Huntsman zinezinzuzo ezivelele zobuchwepheshe.Ngokusebenzisa amamodeli okuphatha asebenzayo, baye bathuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi ngenkathi benciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza umkhiqizo, bethatha ingxenye enkulu yezimakethe zasekhaya ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezisezingeni eliphezulu.Njengamanje, iningi labakhiqizi be-TPU ezweni lami alinazo izinzuzo eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe, isakhiwo somkhiqizo owodwa, kanye nenqubekela phambili ehamba kancane emikhiqizweni emisha, okuholela ekuncintisaneni okubuthakathaka okuphelele kwemakethe, futhi kunzima ukwandisa ngempumelelo inzuzo yemboni.
Isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, isikali, iphethini yokuncintisana, izinga lokukhula, nezinga lenzuzo lomkhakha we-TPU kuncike ngokuqondile esidingweni semakethe sezimboni ezansi nomfula.
Idatha ibonisa ukuthi njengoba izinto zenjoloba zendabuko nezepulasitiki zishintshwa kancane kancane yizinto ezithinta imvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-TPU kuzoqhubeka nokukhula, futhi kuzosetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi yomnotho wezwe.I-TPU isetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi, amafilimu, izinto zikagesi, izinto zezicathulo, izingxenye zezimoto, i-encapsulation eguquliwe, ukuhanjiswa kwezimboni, okunamathelayo, izintambo nezintambo nezinye izinkambu.Phakathi kwazo, izinto zezicathulo ziyimakethe enkulu yabathengi ye-TPU, ebalwa ngama-40% okusetshenziswa kwe-TPU.
06 Iphethini yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-TPU yaseShayina eyehla nomfula
Izwe lami lingumkhiqizi nomthengisi wezicathulo omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, futhi okukhiphayo kubala ngaphezu kwama-50% engqikithi yomhlaba wonke.Ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezinto zodwa kuyiphuzu elibalulekile lokusungula embonini yezicathulo.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezisetshenziswa zodwa zendabuko, i-TPU inezinzuzo ezisobala ekusebenzeni, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyanda usuku nosuku.Phakathi kwazo, i-ETPU inezinzuzo ezivelele ekuqineni nasekumunceni ukushaqeka.I-sole eyenziwe ngayo ingakwazi ukumunca ngokuphumelelayo umthelela womhlaba futhi ibhekane nonyawo, inikeze umphumela wekhwalithi ophezulu wokugoba.
Sekukonke, imboni ye-TPU inezici zenani eliphezulu lezindleko zempahla eluhlaza, isivinini sokuvuselela umkhiqizo osheshayo, imininingwane ehlukahlukene namamodeli, kanye nokwehlukaniswa okusobala kwezidingo zamakhasimende.Ngakho-ke, izinga lenzuzo lemboni lithintwa izici ezihlukahlukene njengokuguquguquka kwamanani ezinto ezibonakalayo, amakhono amasha okuthuthukisa umkhiqizo, namazinga esevisi yamakhasimende.Ngokwethulwa okulandelanayo kwezinqubomgomo nezinyathelo zasekhaya ezihloselwe impilo yezemidlalo yabahlali, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwabahlali kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa izimpahla zezemidlalo, ukukhula kwesidingo sabathengi sezicathulo zemidlalo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa indawo yokufakwa kwezicelo ze-TPU. imboni.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emakethe esezingeni eliphezulu Ngezinhlobo ezifana ne-Calendered TPU, i-TPU yezokwelapha, ne-TPU emelana nokushisa okuphezulu, izwe lithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe.Ngokuqoqwa kobuchwepheshe besikhathi eside kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D kwezinkampani zasekhaya ze-TPU, kulindeleke ukuthi kunqamule ukubusa kwezinkampani zangaphandle futhi kwandise enye indawo yasekhaya.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-03-2023